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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters

245
The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Preparation and Characterization of SDF-1α-Chitosan-Dextran Sulfate Nanoparticles
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Enhancing vitamin A stability using saponin-chitosan polyelectrolytes coating: Optimization, characterization, and

Lubna Mobin1,2, Levente L Diosady1, Muhammad Abdul Haq2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Food Science
|August 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Saponin-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes effectively encapsulate vitamin A, enhancing its stability and heat resistance. This novel encapsulation method improves vitamin A

Keywords:
Vitamin Aemulsionmicroencapsulationsaponin–chitosan polyelectrolyte complexstability

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Vitamin A is crucial but prone to degradation, limiting its application.
  • Microencapsulation offers a solution for improving vitamin A stability.
  • Saponin-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes are explored as a novel encapsulation matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of saponin-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes for vitamin A microencapsulation.
  • To optimize the formulation using response surface methodology (RSM).
  • To characterize the stability and release properties of the encapsulated vitamin A.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
  • Characterization via fluorescence microscopy, FTIR, and DSC.
  • Assessment of storage stability and in vitro release profiles.

Main Results:

  • Optimized emulsion showed uniform vitamin A distribution.
  • FTIR confirmed hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between vitamin A and the complex.
  • DSC verified enhanced vitamin A heat stability.
  • Encapsulated vitamin A remained stable for 2 months.
  • Significant vitamin A release observed at pH 1.2.

Conclusions:

  • Saponin-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes are effective for vitamin A microencapsulation.
  • This method enhances vitamin A stability and heat resistance.
  • The developed system shows potential for various vitamin A applications.