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Related Concept Videos

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

306
Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
306
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview01:21

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

199
Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
Bulk or large solid samples are typically reduced in size using grinding, crushing, or milling techniques to increase the...
199

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Constraints on the impactor flux to the Earth-Moon system from oxygen isotopes of the lunar regolith.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA): an Apollo Participating Scientist Program to Prepare the Lunar Sample

C K Shearer1,2, F M McCubbin3, S Eckley3

  • 1Dept. of Earth & Planet. Sci., Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.

Space Science Reviews
|August 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis Program (ANGSA) analyzed unopened lunar samples, developing new techniques to prepare the Artemis generation for future Moon missions. This program provides crucial insights for lunar sample science.

Keywords:
Apollo 17Apollo programArtemis programLandslideMoonNew lunar samplesRegolithVolatiles

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Area of Science:

  • Lunar geology and sample analysis.
  • Planetary science and astrobiology.
  • Space exploration and mission preparation.

Background:

  • The Artemis Program aims to return samples from the Moon.
  • Unopened Apollo 17 samples, stored for 50 years, offer a unique scientific opportunity.
  • Previous lunar sample analysis methods are outdated for current and future missions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare for the Artemis Program's sample return by analyzing preserved Apollo samples.
  • To develop and test new curation and analytical techniques for lunar samples.
  • To provide a generational handoff of lunar sample science expertise from Apollo to Artemis.

Main Methods:

  • Curation and analysis of unopened Apollo 17 drive tube and other stored samples.
  • Development of new tools for opening sealed samples and extracting gases.
  • Application of advanced analytical instrumentation and glovebox processing at low temperatures (-20°C).

Main Results:

  • Successful opening of a lunar core sample sealed on the Moon's surface.
  • Extraction and analysis of in situ lunar gases.
  • Examination of a core sample from a lunar landslide deposit.
  • Processing of pristine Apollo samples using novel low-temperature glovebox techniques.

Conclusions:

  • The Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis Program (ANGSA) successfully prepared the Artemis generation for lunar sample return.
  • New techniques and analyses provide unprecedented insights into lunar geology and history.
  • ANGSA establishes a crucial foundation for future lunar sample science and Artemis mission success.