Recent progress on media for biological sample preparation

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Biological sample analysis is vital for disease diagnosis, forensics, and public safety.
• Matrix interference from biological samples significantly hinders the accurate detection of trace analytes.
• Effective sample preparation is essential for overcoming these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review high-performance media for biological sample preparation and analysis over the past five years.
• To explore the applications of these media across diverse biological sample types.
• To provide conclusions and future outlooks on advancements in biological sample preparation media.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent scientific literature (last 5 years) focusing on media for biological sample preparation.
• Categorization and discussion of high-performance media including porous organic frameworks, imprinted polymers, hydrogels, ionic liquids, and bioactive media.
• Analysis of media applications for liquid (body fluids), solid (hair, feces, tissues), and gas (exhale breath) samples.

Main Results:

• Identification of several high-performance media categories demonstrating significant potential in biological sample preparation.
• Demonstration of the versatility of these media in handling various biological matrices and analytes.
• Overview of the current state and recent advancements in the field of biological sample preparation media.

Conclusions:

• Advanced media significantly enhance the extraction, separation, enrichment, and purification of trace analytes from complex biological samples.
• The reviewed media offer promising solutions for improving the accuracy and efficiency of biological sample analysis.
• Continued development of novel media is crucial for addressing future challenges in biological sample preparation and analysis.