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Splicing Hollow-Core Fiber with Standard Glass-Core Fiber with Ultralow Back-Reflection and Low Coupling Loss.

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This study presents a novel technique for splicing hollow-core fiber (HCF) with standard single-mode fiber (SMF), significantly reducing Fresnel back-reflection. This breakthrough enables low-loss, high-performance fiber optic systems by mitigating multipath interference.

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Area of Science:

  • Optical Engineering
  • Photonics
  • Fiber Optics

Background:

  • Integrating hollow-core fiber (HCF) with standard single-mode fiber (SMF) systems faces challenges with Fresnel back-reflection.
  • This back-reflection degrades system performance through multipath interference, particularly in hybrid fiber networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel splicing technique for SMF-HCF connections.
  • To significantly reduce Fresnel back-reflection while maintaining low insertion loss.

Main Methods:

  • A new technique combining angle-cleaving of HCF and offset-splicing of a mode-field adapter to SMF was proposed.
  • Simulations were performed to analyze the coupling loss of the novel configuration.
  • An optimized 4.5° angle and 5 μm offset were applied during fabrication.

Main Results:

  • The novel configuration achieved coupling loss comparable to conventional flat-cleaved splices.
  • Fabricated SMF-HCF connections exhibited an insertion loss of 0.6 dB before arcing (1.2 dB after splicing).
  • Ultralow back-reflection of -64 dB was achieved, surpassing the widely acceptable level of <-60 dB.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated technique effectively manages Fresnel back-reflection in SMF-HCF splices.
  • This method enables low-insertion-loss connections with significantly reduced back-reflection.
  • This represents a key advancement for hybrid fiber optic systems combining SMF and HCF.