Equine Trypanosomiasis: Molecular Detection, Hematological, and Oxidative Stress Profiling

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Parasitology
• Molecular Biology
• Equine Health

Background:

• Surra, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, impacts the equine sector globally.
• Limited data exists on the genetic characterization of T. evansi in Egyptian horses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct molecular characterization of T. evansi in Egyptian horses.
• To assess hematological changes and oxidative stress markers associated with T. evansi infection.

Main Methods:

• PCR targeting the RoTat 1.2 VSG gene for T. evansi detection.
• Evaluation of hematological parameters (RBC, HCT, Hb, MCHC, MCH, MCV) and oxidative stress markers (GSH, SOD, CAT, TAC).
• Phylogenetic analysis of the T. evansi strain.

Main Results:

• All examined horses tested positive for T. evansi via PCR.
• Infected horses showed reduced RBC, HCT, and Hb, with increased MCHC, MCH, and MCV.
• Decreased levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAC were observed in infected horses, alongside monocytopenia, eosinopenia, and lymphocytopenia.
• Phylogenetic analysis indicated the Egyptian T. evansi strain is closely related to an Indian isolate.

Conclusions:

• T. evansi infection in horses causes significant hematological alterations and oxidative stress.
• The study provides the first molecular characterization of T. evansi in Egyptian horses.
• Findings highlight the genetic relatedness of Egyptian and Indian T. evansi strains.