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Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell

An Overview of the Endocrine System

An Overview of the Endocrine System

The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
The endocrine system collaborates...

Structures of the Endocrine System

Structures of the Endocrine System

The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Stable Isotopic Profiling of Intermediary Metabolic Flux in Developing and Adult Stage Caenorhabditis elegans

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Published on: February 27, 2011

Mapping endocrine networks by stable isotope tracing.

Ruth Andrew¹, Roland H Stimson¹

¹University/ British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.

Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research

|August 26, 2024

Summary

Advanced chemical technologies, including stable-isotope tracers and vibrational spectroscopy, are revolutionizing the study of hormone regulation and metabolic homeostasis, offering unprecedented spatial and dynamic insights into endocrine signaling pathways.

Keywords:

Flux Magnetic resonance Mass spectrometry Positron emission tomography Stable-isotope Steroid Vibrational spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Metabolomics
Endocrinology

Background:

Hormones are crucial for metabolic homeostasis, operating through complex protein and metabolite networks.
Understanding these intricate pathways requires advanced analytical technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the state-of-the-art chemical technologies used to decipher hormone-regulated metabolic pathways.
To highlight the integration of various techniques for dynamic and spatial analysis of endocrine signaling.

Main Methods:

Stable-isotope tracing, replacing radiotracers for human flux measurements.
Advances in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
Application of vibrational spectroscopy and computational modeling for cellular and pathway analysis.
Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizing radiotracers for preclinical and 3D imaging.

Main Results:

Stable-isotope tracers combined with spectroscopy provide detailed cellular insights.
Technologies are evolving to localize molecules within tissues.
Multi-modal platforms integrating these approaches offer new dynamic and spatial data.

Conclusions:

The convergence of chemical technologies and computational modeling is creating powerful multi-modal platforms.
These platforms provide unprecedented insights into the dynamic and spatial aspects of endocrine signaling.
This integration is key to fully deciphering complex metabolic homeostasis regulated by hormones.