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Process Operability Analysis of Membrane-Based Direct Air Capture for Low-Purity CO2 Production.

Vitor Gama1, Beatriz Dantas1, Oishi Sanyal1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores membrane-based direct air capture (m-DAC) for CO2 removal. The research indicates m-DAC is suitable for small-capacity systems, provided renewable energy powers the grid for negative emissions.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are a primary driver of climate change.
  • Developing negative emission technologies is crucial for achieving net-zero targets.
  • Direct air capture (DAC) technologies are needed to remove existing CO2 from the atmosphere.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of membrane-based direct air capture (m-DAC) for producing low-purity CO2.
  • To model and analyze a two-stage hollow fiber membrane module process for CO2 capture.
  • To determine the operability and potential applications of low-purity CO2 streams from m-DAC.

Main Methods:

  • A two-stage hollow fiber membrane module process was designed and modeled using AVEVA Process Simulation.
  • Operability analysis was conducted by varying membrane surface area and performance metrics.
  • A facilitated transport membrane with high CO2/N2 separation performance was used as the base case.

Main Results:

  • The m-DAC process can produce a low-purity (≈5%) CO2 permeate stream suitable for applications like algae growth and enhanced oil recovery.
  • Membrane intrinsic performances significantly impact CO2 purity, recovery, and energy consumption.
  • The first module's area is dominant; increasing the second module's area negatively impacts energy consumption without purity gains.
  • The m-DAC process is suitable for small-capacity systems (0.1-1 Mt/year).

Conclusions:

  • Membrane-based DAC is a viable technology for specific applications and scales.
  • The energy source for the DAC process is critical; renewable energy is required for it to qualify as a negative emission technology.
  • Further analysis of CO2 capture capacity is important for large-scale implementation.