Echocardiography in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Rheumatology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Cardiovascular involvement is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
• Recent updates on cardiac involvement in SLE are scarce.
• Echocardiography plays a vital role in managing cardiac complications in SLE patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated review on the role of echocardiography in managing cardiac involvement in SLE patients.
• To highlight the importance of cardiac screening in SLE.
• To discuss current and emerging echocardiographic techniques for SLE cardiac assessment.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on echocardiography in SLE.
• Discussion of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) findings.
• Exploration of novel echocardiographic techniques like speckle tracking.

Main Results:

• Echocardiography is the preferred imaging modality for SLE cardiac assessment, including asymptomatic patients.
• TEE offers higher sensitivity for valvular lesions in high-risk patients when TTE is inconclusive.
• Speckle tracking echocardiography shows potential for detecting subclinical myocardial dysfunction.
• Common cardiac manifestations include pericarditis and Libman-Sacks endocarditis, particularly in active disease with antiphospholipid antibodies.
• Myocardial involvement indicates a poor prognosis and requires prompt management.

Conclusions:

• Echocardiography is essential for early detection and management of cardiac abnormalities in SLE.
• TEE and advanced techniques like speckle tracking enhance diagnostic capabilities.
• Prompt identification and treatment of cardiac manifestations are critical for improving patient outcomes in SLE.