Suicide by different methods in Toronto: A quantitative study examining of 23-years of coronial records

The objective of the study is to understand the characteristics of people who died by different suicide methods in Toronto, Canada. Suicide cases were identified by the Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario (1998-2020). Demographic and clinical variables were retrieved. All suicide deaths were classified into different groups based on suicide method. Bivariate analyses and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to compare their demographic and clinical characteristics. Hanging (N = 1721), jumping from height (N = 1280), and poisoning (N = 955) were the most common suicide methods in Toronto. Those who died by hanging were more likely to be married or in common law relationships, live with others, experience employment/financial/academic-related stressors and die at home. People who died by jumping from height had a higher likelihood of having a psychiatric and/or emergency department visit in the past week and having schizophrenia or related disorders/symptoms. People who died by poisoning had higher odds of being female and leaving suicide notes. They were also more likely to have previous suicide attempts, experience depression and/or bipolar disorder and have physical conditions. Specific suicide prevention strategies should be designed and implemented to account both for commonalities and differences among people who die by different suicide methods.