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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Hormonal Regulation01:40

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

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The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State01:25

Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State

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During the absorptive state, which lasts approximately four hours after a meal, the body absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids we consume are broken down into monosaccharides, amino acids, and free fatty acids for absorption. While carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed as-is, lipids are absorbed in their broken-down forms and then re-esterified into triglycerides within enterocytes before being packaged into chylomicrons. These absorbed...
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Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents01:25

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Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists potentiate the effects of endogenous catecholamines through different mechanisms without directly binding to adrenoceptors.
One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral...
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Exercise-induced appetite suppression: An update on potential mechanisms.

Seth F McCarthy1, Jessica A L Tucker1, Tom J Hazell1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

Physiological Reports
|August 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Exercise can suppress appetite by altering hormones like acylated ghrelin. Lactate is a key mechanism, but other factors like myokines also influence appetite regulation following physical activity.

Keywords:
anorexigenicappetite regulationenergy intakefullnessgut hormoneshungerorexigenicsatiety

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Appetite Regulation

Background:

  • Systematic reviews over a decade ago showed exercise impacts appetite-regulating hormones and energy intake.
  • Recent research suggests an intensity-dependent effect and explores potential mechanisms for exercise-induced appetite suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding exercise's effects on appetite regulation and energy intake.
  • To highlight key hormones and mechanisms involved in exercise-induced appetite suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on systematic reviews and recent research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating appetite-regulating hormones (e.g., acylated ghrelin, GLP-1, PYY).
  • Examination of proposed mechanisms, including lactate, sex hormones, GDF-15, Lac-Phe, BDNF, and asprosin.

Main Results:

  • Exercise-induced appetite suppression involves acylated ghrelin; GLP-1 may play a role, while PYY appears less relevant.
  • Lactate is strongly supported as a mechanism for appetite suppression through in vitro, in vivo rodent, and human studies.
  • Subjective appetite perceptions and energy intake changes remain equivocal, likely due to small sample sizes and methodological inconsistencies.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise influences appetite regulation through hormonal changes and specific mechanisms.
  • Lactate is a significant mediator, with other factors like myokines (e.g., GDF-15, BDNF) warranting further investigation.
  • Future research should focus on elucidating these mechanisms to better understand exercise's role in appetite control.