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Related Concept Videos

Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

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Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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Gastric Motility01:16

Gastric Motility

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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
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Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Gastric Phase of Digestion01:26

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The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...
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Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model01:14

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The single-compartment model serves as a simplified representation of the human body. This model assumes that the body functions as a single, well-mixed open compartment. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the body and quickly distributes uniformly. The drug then undergoes biotransformation and elimination, ultimately leaving the body. The volume of this compartment is referred to as the apparent volume of distribution into which the drug can uniformly distribute. In this...
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Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model01:20

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The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Assessment of Gastric Emptying in Non-obese Diabetic Mice Using a [13C]-octanoic Acid Breath Test
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Intra- and interindividual variability in fasted gastric content volume.

Julia J M Roelofs1, Guido Camps1, Louise M Leenders1

  • 1Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|August 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Fasted gastric content volume (FGCV) varies significantly between individuals and within individuals day-to-day. This high variability, particularly intraindividual variation, is crucial for understanding digestion and drug delivery.

Keywords:
MRIbiological variationdigestiongastric juicegastric volume

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Gastric fluid volume is critical for digestion and drug dissolution.
  • Understanding fasted gastric content volume (FGCV) variability is essential for optimizing these processes.
  • Previous research has not fully characterized FGCV variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify intra- and interindividual variation in fasted gastric content volume (FGCV).
  • To investigate the influence of age, sex, and body size on FGCV.
  • To inform studies on gastric digestion and drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Pooled data from 24 MRI studies of healthy individuals after overnight fasting.
  • Analyzed 870 FGCV measurements from 366 participants using linear mixed models.
  • Assessed effects of age, sex, weight, height, BMI, and weight*height on FGCV.

Main Results:

  • FGCV ranged from 0 to 156 mL (mean ± SD: 33 ± 25 mL).
  • Intraindividual variability (SD: 19 mL) exceeded interindividual variability (SD: 15 mL).
  • Age and body size metrics did not affect FGCV; women had lower volumes than men.

Conclusions:

  • Fasted gastric content volume (FGCV) exhibits substantial day-to-day and within-day variability.
  • FGCV is not a stable personal characteristic, emphasizing its dynamic nature.
  • The high variability of FGCV necessitates its consideration in digestion and drug delivery research.