Hydrate Technologies for CO₂ Capture and Sequestration: Status and Perspectives.

Area of Science:

• Earth and Environmental Sciences
• Chemical Engineering
• Materials Science

Background:

• Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is crucial for mitigating the greenhouse effect.
• Hydrate technology presents supplementary CCS approaches, including direct CO2 hydrate formation and methane replacement in natural gas hydrates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) strategies utilizing hydrate technology.
• To analyze the structure, kinetics, thermodynamics, and economics of CO2 hydrate formation and natural gas replacement.

Main Methods:

• Review of crystal structures of CO2 hydrates and CO2-mixed gas hydrates.
• Analysis of CO2 molecule interactions with clathrate hydrate/H2O frames.
• Focus on diffraction techniques for hydrate structure analysis.
• Discussion of kinetic and thermodynamic properties from micro/macro perspectives.
• Comprehensive analysis of natural gas replacement by CO2/CO2-mixed gas, including intermolecular interactions, influencing factors, and displacement efficiency.
• Economic analysis considering costs, risks, and policies.

Main Results:

• Detailed insights into CO2 hydrate structures and guest-host interactions.
• Understanding of kinetic and thermodynamic properties governing hydrate formation and dissociation.
• Evaluation of the efficiency and influencing factors of natural gas replacement by CO2.
• Assessment of the economic feasibility of CCS based on hydrate technology.

Conclusions:

• Hydrate technology is a significant and developing area for carbon emission reduction.
• Further research is needed to address current challenges and optimize CCS strategies.
• The review highlights the importance of hydrate technology in global efforts to combat climate change.