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Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Published on: October 1, 2007

BioTrojans: viscoelastic microvalve-based attacks in flow-based microfluidic biochips and their countermeasures.

Navajit Singh Baban¹, Jiarui Zhou², Kamil Elkhoury²

¹Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. nsb359@nyu.edu.

Scientific Reports

|August 27, 2024

Summary

Researchers developed "BioTrojans," chemically altered microvalves for flow-based microfluidic biochips. These tampered valves rupture easily, unlike secure authentic ones, highlighting a new cyber-physical security threat.

Keywords:

Biochips Biomedical research Clinical diagnostics Countermeasures Cyber-physical security Lab-on-a-Chip Microfluidics Microvalves PDMS Point-of-Care tests

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cybersecurity
Materials Science

Background:

Flow-based microfluidic biochips (FMBs) are crucial for research and diagnostics.
The security of FMBs against material-level cyber-physical attacks is an emerging concern.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microvalves are key FMB components vulnerable to chemical tampering.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a novel material-level cyber-physical attack on PDMS microvalves.
To characterize the vulnerability of tampered microvalves to mechanical stress.
To propose security measures against such attacks.

Main Methods:

Altering the PDMS curing ratio to create chemically tampered "BioTrojan" microvalves.
Subjecting authentic and BioTrojan microvalves to low-frequency actuations (2 Hz).
Utilizing Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and finite element analysis (FEA) for material characterization.

Main Results:

BioTrojan valves (30:1 and 50:1 curing ratios) ruptured rapidly under 2 Hz actuation.
Authentic valves (10:1 ratio) remained intact after 2 days (345,600 cycles) of actuation.
BioTrojan valves store significantly more mechanical energy, leading to rupture susceptibility.

Conclusions:

Chemically altered PDMS microvalves present a new cyber-physical security threat ("BioTrojans").
Security-by-design approaches like peripheral fillets can mitigate stress concentration.
Spectral authentication using fluorescent microvalves can detect BioTrojan attacks.