Deep neural network-enabled multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial devices

Under the support of deep neural networks (DNN), a multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial (THz MMs) device is designed and optimized. This device not only achieves ideal ultra-wideband (UWB) absorption in the THz frequency range but enables dual-functional polarization transformation over UWB. When vanadium dioxide (VO₂) is in the metallic state, the device as a UWB absorber with an absorption rate exceeding 90% in the 2.43-10 THz range, with a relative bandwidth (RBW) of 145.2%, and its wideband absorption performance is insensitive to polarization. When VO₂ is in the insulating state, the device can switch to a polarization converter, achieving conversions from linear to cross polarization and from linear to circular polarization in the ranges of 4.58-10 THz and 4.16-4.43 THz, respectively. Within the 4.58-10 THz range, the polarization conversion ratio approaches 100% with an RBW of 74.3%, the polarization rotation angle is near 90°. Within the 4.16-4.43 THz range, the RBW is 6.29% and the ellipticity ratio approaches 1, Moreover, the effects of incident angle and polarization angle on the operational characteristics are studied. This THz MMs due to its advantages of wide angle, broad bandwidth, and high efficiency, provides valuable references for the research of new multifunctional THz devices. It has great application potential in short-range wireless THz communication, ultrafast optical switches, high-temperature resistant switches, transient spectroscopy, and optical polarization control devices.