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Related Concept Videos

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

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The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior
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Developmental Changes in How Head Orientation Structures Infants' Visual Attention.

John M Franchak1, Linda Smith2, Chen Yu3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.

Developmental Psychobiology
|August 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As infants grow, they learn to coordinate eye and head movements for better visual focus. Older infants prioritize centering toys in their view over their caregiver

Keywords:
attention developmenteye trackingface perceptionsustained attentionvisual attention

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Infant visual behavior

Background:

  • Traditional infant attention studies use screen-based tasks.
  • Real-world visual exploration involves coordinated eye and head movements.
  • Limited understanding of how infants structure visual experiences through gaze control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how infants coordinate eye and head movements from 9 to 24 months.
  • Examine the development of visual attention strategies in real-world settings.
  • Understand how infants orient targets within their head-centered field of view (FOV).

Main Methods:

  • Head-mounted eye tracking of 9–24-month-old infants during play.
  • Measurement of eye movements and target orientation within the head-centered FOV.
  • Observation of infant interactions with caregivers and toys.

Main Results:

  • Infants increasingly centered toys in their FOV with age, shifting focus from caregiver faces.
  • Both faces and toys were better centered during longer viewing periods, indicating sustained attention.
  • Manual actions did not explain the observed FOV bias; held toys were less centered than non-held toys.

Conclusions:

  • Infants' visual exploration strategies evolve significantly between 9 and 24 months.
  • Developmental factors including attention, motor skills, cognition, and social interaction influence gaze control.
  • Age-related changes in centering visual targets reflect developing attentional priorities and gaze control mechanisms.