Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Relationship with Parents: Attachment01:28

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

217
Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...
217
Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

423
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
423
Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

563
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
563
Language Development01:22

Language Development

831
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
831
Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

12.6K
Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
12.6K
Attachment01:20

Attachment

490
Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
490

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Natural statistics of infants' everyday motor experiences relate to sitting and walking development.

Developmental psychology·2026
Same author

Walking-Related Changes in Infants' Daily Experiences of Postural Transitions: A Longitudinal Assessment.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2026
Same author

Infants' Daily Routines Shape Opportunities for Perceptual-Motor Exploration.

Developmental science·2026
Same author

Infant Sitting Status, Sitting Age, and Everyday Positioning Experience Across the Transition to Independent Sitting.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2025
Same author

Developmental Changes in How Head Orientation Structures Infants' Visual Attention.

Developmental psychobiology·2024
Same author

An update of the development of motor behavior.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science·2024
Same journal

Effects of Children's Video Gaming Experience on Chinese Orthographic Processing and Its Neural Mechanisms.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

The Kia TÄ«mata Pai Randomized Controlled Trial: ENRICH Early Childhood Teacher Training Improves Toddlers' Oral Language and Self-Regulation.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

Deaf Children's Use of Mutual Exclusivity and Eye Gaze to Determine Word Meanings in American Sign Language.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

Adolescents and Adults Use Different Facial Movements and Vocal Cues to Express Emotions.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

Decoding Preschool Social Dynamics: Automated Tracking of Spatial and Temporal Patterns to Investigate Social Interactions and Relationships in Peer Groups.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

Early Life Stress Affects Human Decision Making by Increasing Expectations of Volatility.

Developmental science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG
08:20

A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG

Published on: May 3, 2017

8.2K

Within-Day Variations in Infant Body Position Predict Caregiver Speech Input.

Hailey N Rousey1, Maximilian Tang1, Sahrai Garcia1

  • 1University of California, Riverside, California, USA.

Developmental Science
|January 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults speak more to infants when they are sitting or held, but less when infants are lying on their backs (supine) or bellies (prone). Infant body position influences speech input, impacting language development.

Keywords:
body positionlanguage developmentmachine learningmotor developmentspeech inputwearable sensing

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Capturing Infant-Caregiver Interactions Through Synchronized Multimodal Data Collection
08:08

Author Spotlight: Capturing Infant-Caregiver Interactions Through Synchronized Multimodal Data Collection

Published on: May 31, 2024

1.5K
Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG
08:20

A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG

Published on: May 3, 2017

8.2K
Author Spotlight: Capturing Infant-Caregiver Interactions Through Synchronized Multimodal Data Collection
08:08

Author Spotlight: Capturing Infant-Caregiver Interactions Through Synchronized Multimodal Data Collection

Published on: May 31, 2024

1.5K
Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Infant Motor Development
  • Speech and Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Infants spend varying amounts of time in different body positions daily, including supine, prone, sitting, upright, and held.
  • Previous research suggests a link between speech input and infant motor development.
  • The relationship between specific infant body positions and the quantity of adult speech input remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether adults' speech frequency is associated with infants' time spent in various body positions.
  • To examine age-related differences in the association between infant body position and adult speech input.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized home recordings from 64 infants (4-7 months and 11-14 months) with movement sensors to track body position.
  • Employed a LENA audio recorder to quantify adult word count.
  • Analyzed data in 10-minute intervals to correlate infant body position with adult speech frequency.

Main Results:

  • Increased time spent in supine and prone positions was associated with fewer adult words.
  • Increased time spent sitting and being held predicted higher adult word counts.
  • The association between upright position and word count varied by age: positive for younger infants, negative for older infants.

Conclusions:

  • Infant body position is a significant factor influencing the amount of speech input received.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering body position in studies of early language development.
  • Results partially support theories linking motor skill acquisition with language development.