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Related Concept Videos

ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

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ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
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Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
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In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
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ATP, the 31P Spectral Modulus, and Metabolism.

Jack V Greiner1,2,3,4,5, Thomas Glonek4,5

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

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|August 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is vital for cellular health. The 31P spectral modulus (PSM), a novel measure, tracks ATP levels and metabolic activity, offering a new diagnostic tool for health and disease.

Keywords:
31P nuclear magnetic resonance31P spectral modulusATPhydrotropelensprotein aggregation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular Biology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a fundamental molecule in all life forms, crucial for cellular energy and protein homeostasis.
  • ATP's role as a hydrotrope prevents protein aggregation, maintaining cellular and organ function.
  • The 31P spectral modulus (PSM) is a quantitative measure derived from in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy, reflecting cellular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the correlation between metabolic activity and the 31P spectral modulus (PSM).
  • To establish the utility of PSM calculations even with reduced signal-to-noise spectra, including those from in vivo or clinical MRI data.
  • To highlight PSM's potential as a diagnostic tool for monitoring homeostasis and disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy with surface-coil technology for PSM measurements.
  • Calculating PSM by dividing the integrated area of high-energy phosphate signals by that of low-energy phosphate signals.
  • Analyzing the relationship between metabolic activity, stress, and PSM values in various biological systems.

Main Results:

  • A direct correlation was observed: higher metabolic activity corresponds to a higher PSM.
  • PSM calculation proved effective even with low signal-to-noise spectra, broadening its applicability.
  • PSM values decline with increased metabolic stress or disease progression and increase with recovery.

Conclusions:

  • The PSM is a reliable indicator of ATP levels and metabolic status.
  • PSM offers a non-invasive method for assessing cellular, tissue, and organ health.
  • PSM can serve as a valuable diagnostic and monitoring tool for homeostasis and disease management.