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Atherosclerosis antigens as targets for immunotherapy.

Irene Raposo-Gutiérrez¹, Ana Rodríguez-Ronchel¹, Almudena R Ramiro²

¹B Lymphocyte Lab, Novel Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Program, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Madrid, Spain.

Nature Cardiovascular Research

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Summary

Adaptive immunity drives atherosclerosis, a leading cause of death. Understanding specific antigen triggers is key for developing targeted immunotherapies and vaccines against this chronic inflammatory arterial disease.

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Science
Immunology
Pathology

Background:

Atherosclerosis is a major global cause of mortality, characterized by chronic arterial inflammation.
Adaptive immunity, involving T and B cells, significantly influences atherosclerosis development, with roles that can be protective or detrimental.
The precise impact of antigen specificity on adaptive immune responses in atherosclerosis remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis.
To explore how antigen specificity influences disease outcomes.
To discuss the potential of immunotherapies and vaccination strategies targeting adaptive immunity.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis.
Analysis of insights from single-cell technologies.
Examination of identified atherosclerosis antigens, antibodies, and clinical trials.

Main Results:

Adaptive immune cells, including T and B cells, play complex roles in atherosclerosis.
Antigen specificity is a critical factor determining whether immune responses are atheroprotective or atherogenic.
Single-cell technologies offer detailed functional insights into immune cell subsets involved in the disease.

Conclusions:

Understanding antigen triggers is essential for elucidating atherosclerosis mechanisms.
Targeting specific antigens and adaptive immune responses holds promise for novel immunotherapeutic and vaccination strategies.
Further research into antigen-specific immunity could lead to more effective treatments for atherosclerosis.