Large language model application in emergency medicine and critical care

Area of Science:

• Medical Informatics
• Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
• Clinical Decision Support

Background:

• The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), is rapidly advancing within the healthcare sector.
• LLMs like ChatGPT offer novel capabilities with the potential to revolutionize emergency medicine and critical care.
• Existing literature highlights the growing impact of AI on clinical workflows and patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the advancements and diverse applications of ChatGPT in emergency medicine and critical care.
• To evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in comparison to human professionals in medical assessments.
• To identify and discuss the challenges and ethical considerations associated with implementing LLMs in healthcare settings.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather information on ChatGPT's applications in emergency medicine and critical care.
• Analysis of studies comparing LLM performance against human medical professionals in diagnostic and examination tasks.
• Examination of documented ethical, legal, and privacy concerns related to AI integration in patient care.

Main Results:

• ChatGPT demonstrates comparable performance to human professionals in medical examinations and can assist in diagnostic processes.
• The LLM shows potential in aiding clinical decision-making and medication selection within critical care settings.
• Identified risks include the potential for inaccurate medical advice and significant legal, ethical, and privacy concerns.

Conclusions:

• ChatGPT and similar LLMs present significant opportunities to enhance patient care management and clinical efficiency.
• Addressing challenges related to accuracy, data protection, informed consent, and regulatory frameworks is crucial for responsible AI adoption.
• Further research and robust regulation are essential to ensure the safe, ethical, and effective use of LLMs in emergency and critical care medicine.