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Association between Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 with coronary heart disease
Boyu Li1, Mengjin Hu2, Yuanliang Ma2
1Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. sucess20231008@163.com.
Insights
Vitamins E and B6 show protective effects against coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly in women, obese, and smoking individuals. Vitamin B12 showed minimal correlation with CHD risk.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Cardiovascular Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Conflicting evidence exists on Vitamin B12's role in coronary heart disease (CHD).
- Previous studies have not simultaneously examined Vitamins E, B6, and B12 in relation to CHD.
- Large-scale population data is needed to clarify these associations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the intake of Vitamins E, B6, and B12 and the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD).
- To identify specific population subgroups that may benefit most from these vitamin intakes regarding CHD risk.
- To clarify the independent and combined effects of these vitamins on cardiovascular health.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003-2020, including 33,640 participants.
- Employed multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analyses to assess the relationship between vitamin intake percentages and CHD.
- Controlled for various demographic, lifestyle, and health factors including age, BMI, gender, smoking, and diabetes status.
Main Results:
- Vitamin E and Vitamin B6 intake were significantly negatively associated with CHD, indicating a protective effect.
- Vitamin B12 showed a minimal correlation with CHD prevalence in this study population.
- The strongest protective effects for Vitamins E and B6 were observed in the third quartile of intake, with notable effects in women, individuals with BMI 25-30, and smokers.
Conclusions:
- Vitamin E and Vitamin B6 may offer a protective effect against coronary heart disease (CHD).
- These protective effects appear more pronounced in specific subgroups: women, individuals with a BMI between 25-30 (overweight/obese), and current smokers.
- Further research should consider these vitamins, particularly E and B6, in cardiovascular health strategies, acknowledging potential influences of socioeconomic factors.
Abstract:
Conflicting evidence still exists regarding Vitamin B12's involvement in coronary heart disease (CHD). There is no precedent for previous studies to include both Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, as well as Vitamin E in the consideration of CHD associating factors. Our data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which covers the period 2003-2020. 33,640 samples were included in this cross-sectional study. We used an unadjusted covariates and three adjusted covariates. The intake percentage of Vitamins E, B6, and B12 was categorized into continuous and categorical variables using multivariate logistic regression analysis and subgroup logistic regression. To estimate these trends, we applied the percentage categories of Vitamin E, B6, and B12 intake as continuous variables. We recorded Vitamin E, B6, B12, age, race, BMI, gender, household annual income, education level, hypertension status, diabetes status, smoking status, and drinking status for included samples. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that Vitamin E and B6 were negatively associated with CHD and exerted protective effects, while Vitamin B12 had little correlation with CHD. Based on the quartiles of Vitamin E and Vitamin B6 percentage, the strongest protective effect was observed in the third quartile (Q3). Analyses of subgroups showed the effects of Vitamin B6 and Vitamin E on CHD were more noticeable in women, the participant's BMI was in the 25-30 range, and participants who smoked. We identified the possible protective effect of Vitamin E and Vitamin B6 against CHD, especially in female, obese, and smoking populations, whereas income and education were also viewed as influencing factors that could be taken into account.
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