Decellularized Antler Cancellous Bone Matrix Material Can Serve as Potential Bone Tissue Scaffold.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Orthopedic Research

Background:

• Autologous bone grafts have limited supply, necessitating alternatives for bone defect repair.
• Xenograft bone offers structural similarity and high biocompatibility, making it a potential clinical treatment.
• Developing novel bone matrix materials is crucial for effective bone defect regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To prepare and characterize decellularized antler cancellous bone matrix (DACB).
• To evaluate the bioactivity and osteogenic potential of DACB in vitro and in vivo.
• To investigate the bone repair mechanisms facilitated by DACB.

Main Methods:

• Preparation and histological verification of decellularized antler cancellous bone matrix (DACB), confirming extracellular matrix (ECM) retention.
• In vitro assessment of DACB's bioactivity using C3H10T1/2 cells to evaluate proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation.
• In vivo evaluation of DACB in nude mice for biocompatibility and in sika deer for bone repair efficacy, including transcriptomic analysis.

Main Results:

• DACB retained its native extracellular matrix (ECM) structure after decellularization.
• DACB significantly enhanced C3H10T1/2 cell proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation.
• In vivo studies showed no adverse reactions in mice and demonstrated effective bone repair in sika deer, with transcriptomic analysis revealing enhanced ECM production and osseointegration.

Conclusions:

• Decellularized antler cancellous bone matrix (DACB) is a bioactive and biocompatible material for bone defect repair.
• DACB promotes osteogenic differentiation and enhances bone regeneration through low immunogenicity and improved osseointegration.
• DACB represents a promising xenograft material for developing new strategies to address bone defects.