Nursing Students' Health Literacy and Strategies to Foster Patients' Health Literacy

Health literacy can be defined as an individual's competence to use knowledge and information to maintain and improve health. Research has shown the crucial importance of health literacy in everyday life. Nurses play an important role in fostering patients' health literacy. But there is a lack in research on nurses' health literacy and how it influences their work. Therefore, this study aims to determine nursing students' health literacy and find out whether this group assessed that there was a change in their health literacy before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this study aims to find out whether there is a relation between nursing students' assessments of their health literacy and their assessments of whether and how they use strategies to foster their patients' health literary in everyday work. We conducted a longitudinal study with two points of measurement, before the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 112) and after (N = 304). Nursing students filled out an online questionnaire using validated scales. To analyze the data, we used descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Welch's t-test. The results show that before the COVID-19 pandemic, the nursing students assessed their health literacy as quite high, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, they found it difficult to access (t = 17.881; p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.46), understand (t = 16.404; p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.56), appraise (t = 15.429; p < 0.00; Cohen's d = 0.47), and apply health-related information (t = 13.761; p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.54). Implications of our study concern nurses' vocational education and training in which nurses must learn about health literacy and strategies to foster their patients' health literacy.