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Biomarkers in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Perpetually Evolving Frontier.
Ana-Maria Vrabie1,2, Stefan Totolici1,2, Caterina Delcea1,2
1Cardio-Thoracic Pathology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
Diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is challenging. This review explores promising biomarkers beyond natriuretic peptides for HFpEF diagnosis and risk stratification.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biomarker Discovery
- Translational Medicine
Background:
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) poses diagnostic challenges.
- Its prevalence is increasing globally, exceeding that of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
- Comorbidities significantly impact HFpEF pathophysiology, necessitating refined diagnostic tools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review emerging circulating biomarkers for HFpEF.
- To evaluate their utility in diagnosis, risk stratification, and population screening.
- To discuss limitations of current diagnostic tools and novel biomarker potential.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on HFpEF biomarkers.
- Analysis of biomarkers reflecting myocardial remodeling, inflammation, and kidney dysfunction.
- Evaluation of circulating microRNAs as potential HFpEF indicators.
Main Results:
- Natriuretic peptides have limitations in HFpEF diagnosis.
- Soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2, growth differentiation factor 15, and albuminuria show incremental value.
- Several microRNAs demonstrate promising diagnostic and prognostic potential.
Conclusions:
- Novel biomarkers offer improved diagnostic and prognostic capabilities for HFpEF.
- Targeted biomarker strategies may aid in identifying distinct HFpEF phenotypes.
- Further research is needed to validate these biomarkers for clinical application.
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