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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Demyelination in Patients with POST-COVID Depression.

Marina Khodanovich1, Mikhail Svetlik1, Daria Kamaeva1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|August 29, 2024
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Summary

Post-COVID depression involves widespread demyelination in white and grey matter brain structures. Demyelination in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus is a key biomarker for this condition.

Keywords:
COVID-19MPFMRIdemyelinationdepressionlong COVIDmacromolecular proton fractionmagnetic resonance imagingmajor depressive disorderpost-COVDwhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Depression is a significant sequela of COVID-19.
  • Major depressive disorder involves disrupted white matter (WM) connectivity due to altered brain myelination.
  • Post-COVID depression (PCD) requires quantitative assessment of brain myelination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess brain myelination in clinically diagnosed post-COVID depression (PCD).
  • To utilize macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) mapping, a novel MRI technique, for this assessment.

Main Methods:

  • 63 recovered COVID-19 patients and 19 controls were studied.
  • Participants were categorized into post-COVID depression (PCD, n=25) and no-PCD (n=38) groups.
  • Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) mapping was employed to assess brain myelination.

Main Results:

  • PCD patients exhibited extensive demyelination in WM (juxtacortical, IFOF, etc.) and GM (hippocampus, amygdala, etc.).
  • The noPCD group also showed demyelination, but to a lesser extent.
  • Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) demyelination predicted PCD presence and severity.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of widespread demyelination in WM and GM structures in PCD.
  • Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) demyelination is identified as a crucial biomarker for PCD.