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S100B Serum Levels in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Multifaceted Biomarker Linking Cardiac and Cognitive
Jan Traub1,2, Michael K Schuhmann3, Roxanne Sell4
1Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
Insights
Serum S100B protein levels, a marker for brain injury, are associated with cardiac dysfunction and cognitive impairment in chronic heart failure patients. Higher S100B indicates longer heart failure duration and poorer memory, but not mortality.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cardiology
- Neurology
Background:
- S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is recognized as a biomarker for central nervous system (CNS) injuries, indicating blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise.
- Emerging evidence suggests S100B involvement in cardiovascular diseases, particularly heart failure (HF).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate serum S100B levels in chronic heart failure (HF) patients.
- To explore the association between S100B levels and cardiac dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and mortality in HF.
Main Methods:
- Serum S100B levels were measured in 146 chronic HF patients from the Cognition.Matters-HF study.
- Associations with HF duration, cardiac parameters (left atrial volume index), cognitive function (mild cognitive impairment, memory scores), and mortality were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Higher serum S100B levels correlated with longer HF duration and increased left atrial volume index.
- Elevated S100B was linked to a higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and reduced visual/verbal memory.
- NT-proBNP levels independently predicted S100B levels. S100B did not significantly impact mortality in this cohort.
Conclusions:
- Serum S100B is a valuable biomarker in HF, reflecting cardiac dysfunction and potential BBB disruption.
- S100B may serve as an indicator of cognitive impairment in HF patients.
- The study suggests S100B reflects acute injury rather than long-term outcomes in mild HF phenotypes.
Abstract:
S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is a protein primarily known as a biomarker for central nervous system (CNS) injuries, reflecting blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and dysfunction. Recently, S100B has also been implicated in cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF). Thus, we investigated serum levels of S100B in 146 chronic HF patients from the Cognition.Matters-HF study and their association with cardiac and cognitive dysfunction. The median S100B level was 33 pg/mL (IQR: 22-47 pg/mL). Higher S100B levels were linked to longer HF duration (p = 0.014) and increased left atrial volume index (p = 0.041), but also with a higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (p = 0.023) and lower visual/verbal memory scores (p = 0.006). In a multivariable model, NT-proBNP levels independently predicted S100B (T-value = 2.27, p = 0.026). S100B did not impact mortality (univariable HR (95% CI) 1.00 (0.99-1.01); p = 0.517; multivariable HR (95% CI) 1.01 (1.00-1.03); p = 0.142), likely due to its reflection of acute injury rather than long-term outcomes and the mild HF phenotype in our cohort. These findings underscore S100B's value in comprehensive disease assessment, reflecting both cardiac dysfunction and potentially related BBB disruption.
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