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Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
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Correction: Zhang et al. A New Semi-Quantum Two-Way Authentication Protocol between Control Centers and Neighborhood Gateways in Smart Grids. <i>Entropy</i> 2024, <i>26</i>, 644.

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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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A New Semi-Quantum Two-Way Authentication Protocol between Control Centers and Neighborhood Gateways in Smart Grids.

Qiandong Zhang1, Kejia Zhang1,2, Kunchi Hou1

  • 1School of Mathematical Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a quantum-safe authentication protocol for smart grids, using single photons for secure bidirectional communication between control centers and gateways against quantum threats.

Keywords:
identity authenticationquantum cryptographysemi-quantumsingle photonsmart grid

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Area of Science:

  • Cybersecurity
  • Quantum Computing
  • Smart Grid Technology

Background:

  • Quantum computers pose a significant threat to current power grid security.
  • Secure bidirectional communication is essential for smart grid operations.
  • Existing authentication protocols are vulnerable to quantum attacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a quantum-safe bidirectional authentication protocol for smart grids.
  • To ensure the security of communication between control centers (CC) and neighboring gateways (NG).

Main Methods:

  • Development of a semi-quantum bidirectional authentication protocol.
  • Utilizing single photons for communication between CC and NG.
  • Security analysis against common quantum attacks (e.g., double CNOT, impersonation).

Main Results:

  • The proposed protocol effectively resists various sophisticated attacks.
  • Demonstrated significant advantages over existing authentication protocols.
  • Validated theoretical framework and practical feasibility through IBM quantum simulator.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocol offers a practical and secure solution for smart grid authentication.
  • Enhances the resilience of power grids against future quantum computing threats.
  • Provides a foundation for secure smart grid infrastructure in the quantum era.