Selected Monogenic Genetic Diseases in Holstein Cattle-A Review

Area of Science:

• Animal Genetics
• Veterinary Science
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Genetic disorders in cattle, particularly those inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, pose significant challenges to breeding programs.
• Holstein cattle are notably affected by several identified recessive haplotypes and causative mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the impact of recessive genetic mutations on bovine populations, specifically within the Holstein breed.
• To underscore the economic implications of these genetic disorders for cattle breeders.

Main Methods:

• Review of identified recessive genetic disorders in Holstein cattle.
• Analysis of inheritance patterns (autosomal recessive).
• Discussion of the breeding and economic consequences.

Main Results:

• Several specific recessive genetic conditions have been identified in Holstein cattle, including Holstein cholesterol deficiency (CDH), various homozygous deficiency haplotypes (HH1-HH7), bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD), and deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase (DUMPS).
• These autosomal recessive mutations can lead to embryo death and substantial economic losses for breeders.

Conclusions:

• Recessive mutations present a considerable problem for cattle breeders, necessitating genetic research and informed selection practices.
• Conscious selection of animals for mating is essential to reduce carrier frequency and ultimately eliminate these detrimental mutations from the bovine population.