The Association of Systemic and Mandibular Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Females with Osteoporosis

Background/Objectives: Osteoporosis is a common general disease that mostly affects the skeletal system, including the jawbone. There is a link between systemic and mandibular osteoporosis. This study aimed at assessing the association between systemic (lumbar spine L1-L4, femoral neck, total hip) bone mineral density (BMD) and mandible BMD sites in Romanian postmenopausal females. Methods: A total of 97 menopausal patients were studied, 62 with osteoporosis and 35 females with no osteoporosis. For each patient, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessments of BMD in the mandible, proximal femur, total hip, and lumbar spine (L1-L4) were performed. Mandibular measurements were performed using the distal forearm software, followed by manual analysis after the bone contour was defined in each case. Results: Comparing the osteoporosis and control groups, there were significant differences in BMD at each examined location. The mandibular BMD (1.125 ± 0.181506 g/cm²) in the osteoporosis group was considerably smaller than in the control group (1.35497 ± 0.244397 g/cm²). Correlations between the BMD at different sites were significant: lumbar spine and femoral neck (r = 0.738, p < 0.0001), lumbar spine and total hip (r = 0.735, p < 0.0001), lumbar spine and mandible (r = 0.506, p < 0.0001), femoral neck and total hip (r = 0.891, p < 0.0001), femoral neck and mandible (r = 0.482, p < 0.0001), and total hip and mandible (r = 0.466, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: There were correlations between mandible BMD and lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip BMD, suggesting that osteoporosis affects mandibular bone density. BMD assessments at common locations may help predict mandibular BMD and the probability of osteoporosis.