Self-Assembly Regulated Photocatalysis of Porphyrin-TiO₂ Nanocomposites

Photoactive artificial nanocatalysts that mimic natural photoenergy systems can yield clean and renewable energy. However, their poor photoabsorption capability and disfavored photogenic electron-hole recombination hinder their production. Herein, we designed two nanocatalysts with various microstructures by combining the tailored self-assembly of the meso-tetra(p-hydroxyphenyl) porphine photosensitizer with the growth of titanium dioxide (TiO₂). The porphyrin photoabsorption antenna efficiently extended the absorption range of TiO₂ in the visible region, while anatase TiO₂ promoted the efficient electron-hole separation of porphyrin. The photo-induced electrons were transferred to the surface of the Pt co-catalyst for the generation of hydrogen via water splitting, and the hole was utilized for the decomposition of methyl orange dye. The hybrid structure showed greatly increased photocatalytic performance compared to the core@shell structure due to massive active sites and increased photo-generated electron output. This controlled assembly regulation provides a new approach for the fabrication of advanced, structure-dependent photocatalysts.