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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Preparation of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Electrodes for Chronic Implantation in Rats
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Multi-Channel Microscale Nerve Cuffs for Spatially Selective Neuromodulation.

Morgan Riley1, Fnu Tala2, Katherine J Johnson3

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Doctoral Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.

Micromachines
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new, cost-effective method for creating high-resolution nerve cuffs. This breakthrough enables selective nerve stimulation, advancing neuromodulation therapies for various conditions.

Keywords:
cuffcustommicro-scalemulti-channelneuromodulationselective

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Electrical stimulation for peripheral nerve modulation offers therapeutic potential but suffers from poor selectivity and side effects.
  • Existing commercial nerve cuffs are expensive and lack spatial resolution, while custom-designed cuffs require specialized fabrication.
  • The difficulty in prototyping nerve cuffs hinders research into selective neuromodulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a reproducible, cost-effective method for fabricating multi-channel epineural nerve cuffs for selective fascicular neuromodulation.
  • To create customizable nerve cuffs with high spatial resolution for acute neuromodulation studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized commercial flexible printed circuit (FPC) technology to fabricate nerve cuffs with adjustable electrode size, channel count, and diameter.
  • Designed cuffs for adult mouse and rat sciatic nerves (300-1500 μm diameter).
  • Coated electrodes with PEDOT:PSS to enhance charge injection capacity and validated selectivity using micro-computed tomography (μCT).

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated high-resolution (50 μm) nerve cuffs using FPC technology.
  • Demonstrated selective neuromodulation in rats and mice, achieving preferential activation of tibialis anterior (TA) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles.
  • Quantified selectivity using a selectivity index, confirming the method's efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fabrication method enables rapid and cost-effective prototyping of multi-channel epineural nerve cuffs.
  • This approach facilitates research into selective fascicular neuromodulation by overcoming limitations of existing technologies.
  • The method holds significant potential for advancing the study and application of targeted nerve stimulation therapies.