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Dryland self-expansion enabled by land-atmosphere feedbacks.

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Drylands are expanding due to global warming. Newly formed drylands contribute to their own expansion by warming and drying downwind air, accelerating aridification and water scarcity.

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Dryland expansion leads to water scarcity and biodiversity loss.
  • Global warming's drying influence is known, but drylands' role in their own expansion is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-expansion mechanism of drylands.
  • To quantify the contribution of drylands to their own aridification.

Main Methods:

  • Tracking airflow over drylands.
  • Analyzing atmospheric moisture and heat transfer dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Warming and drying of air over drylands contributes to downwind expansion.
  • Drylands release less moisture and more heat to adjacent humid regions.
  • This process reduces precipitation and increases atmospheric water demand, causing aridification.

Conclusions:

  • Self-expansion accounts for over 50% of aridification in ~40% of recently transitioned dryland areas.
  • Urgent climate change mitigation in drylands is needed to slow their expansion.