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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

552
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
251
Pain01:20

Pain

471
Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
471
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

192
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

589
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
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Opioid circuit opens path to pain relief.

Caitlynn C De Preter1,2, Mary M Heinricher1,2

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
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Summary

Targeting specific neural circuits with non-opioid methods can effectively relieve pain. This approach offers a promising alternative to traditional opioid-based pain management strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Opioid medications are commonly prescribed for pain relief but carry significant risks of addiction and side effects.
  • Developing non-addictive pain management strategies is a critical unmet medical need.
  • Neural circuit modulation presents a potential avenue for targeted pain control.

Discussion:

  • This study investigates the manipulation of specific neural circuits involved in pain signaling.
  • The research demonstrates that precisely targeting these circuits can achieve significant pain relief.
  • The findings suggest a mechanism for pain control independent of traditional opioid action.

Key Insights:

  • Neural circuit manipulation offers a viable strategy for pain relief.
  • This approach bypasses the need for opioid agonists, mitigating associated risks.
  • The study identifies specific neural pathways amenable to non-opioid therapeutic interventions.

Outlook:

  • Further research could lead to novel, non-addictive pain therapeutics.
  • This work may pave the way for personalized pain management based on individual neural circuit profiles.
  • Clinical translation of these findings could revolutionize pain treatment paradigms.