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Functional Electrical Stimulation and Brain-Machine Interfaces for Simultaneous Control of Wrist and Finger Flexion.

Matthew J Mender, Ayobami L Ward, Luis H Cubillos

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |August 30, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    Brain-machine interfaces (BMI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) can restore hand and wrist movement after paralysis. This study shows simultaneous control of finger and wrist flexion is possible, enabling dexterous hand function.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Rehabilitation Technology

    Background:

    • Cervical spinal cord injury often results in paralysis, limiting hand function.
    • Existing brain-machine interface (BMI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems primarily restore limited, predetermined grasps.
    • Restoring dexterous hand movements requires continuous control over multiple biomechanically linked joints, like the wrist and fingers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the restoration of simultaneous wrist and finger flexion using intramuscular FES.
    • To assess the feasibility of using an intracortical BMI to control these movements in a virtual hand, both before and after temporary hand paralysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Monkeys with temporarily paralyzed hands were stimulated using intramuscular FES to achieve functional ranges of wrist and finger flexion.
    • Intracortical BMI was used to control a virtual hand, enabling wrist and finger flexion.
    • Performance metrics including success rates and acquisition times were compared between able-bodied control and post-paralysis conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Intramuscular FES enabled functional ranges of motion for finger (average 88.6° M P joint flexion) and wrist flexion (average 71.3°).
    • Simultaneous control of both wrist and finger flexion was achieved in real-time tasks.
    • BMI control of virtual hand wrist and finger flexion demonstrated success rates and acquisition times comparable to able-bodied individuals, even after temporary paralysis.

    Conclusions:

    • Simultaneous restoration of wrist and finger flexion is achievable through intramuscular FES and BMI control.
    • This approach offers a potential pathway for restoring continuous, dexterous hand movements after spinal cord injury.
    • An artificial brain-to-body interface could significantly enhance functional recovery and object manipulation capabilities.