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Occlusal effects on text reading: an eye-tracker study.

Maria Paola Tramonti Fantozzi1, Vincenzo De Cicco1, Andrea Bazzani2

  • 1Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
|August 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Electromyographic (EMG) asymmetry during teeth clenching impacts reading patterns, leading to more saccades and shorter fixations. Occlusal correction can improve reading behavior by reducing this asymmetry.

Keywords:
EMG asymmetryLocus Coeruleuseye movementsocclusal correctiontext reading

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Dentistry

Background:

  • Asymmetric electromyographic (EMG) activity during teeth clenching is associated with cognitive impairment and asymmetric pupil size (anisocoria).
  • Anisocoria suggests asymmetric Locus Coeruleus activity, potentially worsening cognitive performance through asymmetric hemispheric excitability.
  • Bite splints can correct EMG asymmetry, reduce anisocoria, and improve cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of electromyographic (EMG) asymmetry on oculomotor behavior during text reading.
  • To explore how occlusal conditions affect reading patterns in individuals with varying degrees of EMG asymmetry.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects with varying EMG asymmetry performed a text reading task under two occlusal conditions: habitual (direct contact) and corrected (dental impression).
  • Oculomotor behavior, including fixation number and duration, was analyzed during reading.
  • EMG asymmetry during clenching was measured in both occlusal conditions.

Main Results:

  • Fixation frequency positively correlated with EMG asymmetry amplitude, while fixation duration showed a negative correlation.
  • Total reading time correlated with fixation duration but not with the number of fixations or EMG asymmetry.
  • Switching to the habitual occlusal condition increased fixation frequency and reduced fixation duration in most subjects, impacting total reading time variably.

Conclusions:

  • In the habitual condition, EMG asymmetry significantly influences reading patterns, characterized by more saccades and shorter fixations.
  • Occlusal disharmony appears to negatively interfere with reading by increasing saccades, potentially indicating difficulties in visual information processing.
  • The findings suggest a role for trigeminal pathways in the relationship between occlusal factors and oculomotor control during reading.