The Effect of Rituximab on the Cognitive Function of Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Cognitive impairment can begin in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). No medicine has been approved for treating cognitive impairment in MS patients. There is a lack of data on the role of rituximab in managing cognitive impairment in MS patients. Using minimal assessment of cognitive function in MS (MACFIMS), this study aims to investigate the effect of rituximab on the cognitive status of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients.

In this pre-post interventional trial, 28 eligible RRMS patients participated. They were administered rituximab for a year. Cognitive tests (MACFIMS), MS neuropsychological questionnaire (MSNQ), and Beck depression inventory-fast screen (BDI-FS) scores were evaluated at baseline, six, and 12 months following rituximab administration.

Eighteen participants with a mean age of 40.5 ± 12.91, 7 men, completed all three follow-ups. There was no statistically significant change in BDI-FS, MSNQ, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (P: 0.743), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (P: 0.711), Brief Visual Memory Test (BVMT) (P: 0.426), learning BVMT (P: 0.268), and delayed recall BVMT (P: 0.394) scores. However, the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), CVLT learning, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test scores significantly improved by 45.2% (P < 0.001), 12.3% (P: 0.013), and 26.7% (P: 0.011), respectively, 6-month follow-up rituximab treatment. There was a significant improvement in CVLT (+55.7%, P < 0.001), CVLT learning (+15.9%, P: 0.011), and delayed recall CVLT (+28%, P: 0.022) scores 12-month follow-up rituximab treatment.

Rituximab prevents cognitive deterioration and improves some cognitive functions. Further investigations with a larger sample size, longer follow-ups, and inclusion of a placebo or another treatment arm are recommended.