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Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm

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Combining life-cycle assessment and linear programming to optimize social fertilizer costs.

Erika De Keyser¹, Timothy Rowe¹, Lorenzo Giacomella¹

¹KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Bioeconomics, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.

Journal of Environmental Management

|August 31, 2024

Summary

Bio-based fertilizers can aid nutrient circularity, but their economic and environmental benefits require careful assessment. A farm model shows mineral fertilizers remain crucial, alongside bio-based options, for sustainable farming.

Keywords:

Environmental impact assessment Farm optimization Fertilizer externalities Nutrient recovery Social cost minimization

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Environmental Science
Nutrient Cycling

Background:

Bio-based fertilizers offer potential for regional nutrient circularity.
Assessing the farmer and environmental benefits of bio-based fertilizers is crucial.
Both private costs and environmental externalities must be considered.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the role of bio-based fertilizers in regional nutrient cycles.
To analyze the economic and environmental viability of bio-based fertilizers for farmers.
To inform farmers and policymakers on internalizing fertilizer externalities.

Main Methods:

Formulation of a farm-level multi-objective optimization model.
Consideration of various fertilizers, their costs, and environmental impacts.
Application of a cost-minimization approach to a Flemish leek farmer model.

Main Results:

Mineral fertilizers play a significant role in the optimal fertilizer mix, despite environmental externalities.
Bio-based fertilizers also have a viable role in integrated fertilizer strategies.
The model accounts for nutrient uptake, nutrient standards, and on-farm residue availability.

Conclusions:

A balanced fertilizer strategy incorporating both mineral and bio-based fertilizers is optimal.
Internalizing environmental externalities is key for sustainable fertilizer management.
Findings support informed decision-making for farmers and policymakers in nutrient management.