Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Mridul Bansal1, Aryan Mehta2, Akshay Machanahalli Balakrishna3
1Department of Medicine, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease disparities persist in the US, impacting diagnosis and treatment. This review examines acute myocardial infarction outcomes, highlighting demographic and psychosocial factors contributing to inequities in cardiovascular care.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Health Disparities Research
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the US.
- Significant racial, ethnic, and gender disparities exist in cardiovascular disease care.
- Existing medical advancements have not eliminated these inequities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review differences in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and related high-risk states.
- To discuss variations in pathophysiology, clinical course, and risk profiles.
- To highlight demographic and psychosocial factors driving disparities in acute cardiovascular care.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on cardiovascular disease disparities.
- Analysis of studies examining AMI management and outcomes.
- Synthesis of data on demographic and psychosocial influences.
Main Results:
- Racial, ethnic, and gender groups experience different cardiovascular disease trajectories.
- Pathophysiology and risk profiles vary across demographic populations.
- Psychosocial factors significantly impact acute cardiovascular care access and outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Addressing disparities in cardiovascular disease requires understanding diverse pathophysiology and risk profiles.
- Mitigating inequities in acute cardiovascular care necessitates tackling demographic and psychosocial determinants.
- Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions for underserved populations.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite advancements in medical care, there remain persistent racial, ethnic, and gender disparity in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of individuals with cardiovascular disease. In this review we seek to discuss differences in pathophysiology, clinical course, and risk profiles in the management and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction and related high-risk states. We also seek to highlight the demographic and psychosocial inequities that cause disparities in acute cardiovascular care.
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