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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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DNA replication...
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DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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DNA Isolation01:24

DNA Isolation

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DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...
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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

High-Density DNA and RNA microarrays - Photolithographic Synthesis, Hybridization and Preparation of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries
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High-Density DNA and RNA microarrays - Photolithographic Synthesis, Hybridization and Preparation of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries

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Recent progress in DNA data storage based on high-throughput DNA synthesis.

Seokwoo Jo1,2, Haewon Shin1,2, Sung-Yune Joe1,2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 466 Hana Science Hall, Seoul, 02841 Korea.

Biomedical Engineering Letters
|September 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA data storage offers high density and durability for massive data. Current DNA synthesis methods are a bottleneck, but overcoming these challenges is key to its viability.

Keywords:
DNA assemblyDNA data storageDNA microarrayDNA synthesisPhosphoramidite chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Data Storage
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • DNA data storage utilizes nucleic acids for digital information, offering high density, durability, and low cost compared to conventional media.
  • The DNA data storage process includes encoding, synthesis (writing), preservation, retrieval, sequencing (reading), and decoding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the overall process of DNA data storage.
  • To examine recent progress in each step of DNA data storage.
  • To provide a detailed overview of DNA synthesis methods, highlighting limitations and future prospects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on DNA data storage techniques.
  • Analysis of DNA synthesis methods, including enzymatic and phosphoramidite approaches.
  • Discussion of advancements in DNA sequencing and decoding technologies.

Main Results:

  • DNA data storage presents a viable alternative for massive data archiving due to its superior density and longevity.
  • DNA synthesis remains a significant bottleneck, characterized by low throughput, imperfect efficiency, and high solvent usage.
  • Progress has been made in enzymatic DNA synthesis and novel sequencing technologies to address current limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming DNA synthesis challenges is crucial for realizing the full potential of DNA data storage.
  • Continued research into efficient and scalable DNA synthesis methods is essential for widespread adoption.
  • DNA data storage is a promising technology for future long-term archival of large datasets.