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Functional development of the stomach.

L R Johnson

    Annual Review of Physiology
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Neonatal rat stomach development involves programmed genetic changes influenced by hormones and diet. Key ontogenic patterns in gastric function and mucosal growth emerge around the third week of life.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Neonatal rat gastric function undergoes significant changes during the third week of life, including increased acid and pepsin secretion.
    • These changes are associated with the appearance of gastrin receptors and somatostatin sensitivity, suggesting a role for receptor dynamics in ontogeny.
    • Rapid mucosal growth and cell differentiation also occur, influenced by corticosterone and dietary shifts during weaning.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the ontogenic patterns of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, gastrin regulation, and mucosal development in neonatal rats.
    • To explore the roles of hormones (corticosterone), diet, and weaning in the full expression of gastric ontogeny.
    • To highlight gaps in current research regarding gastric development, including motility, cell cycle dynamics, and the influence of other hormones like thyroid hormone and EGF.

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    Main Methods:

    • Observation of changes in gastric acid and pepsin secretion, antral and serum gastrin concentrations during the third week of neonatal rat life.
    • Assessment of gastrin receptor appearance and somatostatin sensitivity.
    • Monitoring of mucosal growth, cell proliferation, and differentiation.
    • Investigation of the influence of corticosterone and dietary changes associated with weaning on these developmental processes.

    Main Results:

    • Significant increases in gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and antral gastrin concentration, alongside decreases in serum gastrin, were observed in the third week of life.
    • Gastrin receptors appeared, and gastrin release became sensitive to somatostatin, correlating with these functional changes.
    • Rapid mucosal growth commenced, with a higher proportion of cells differentiating, a process influenced by corticosterone and weaning.

    Conclusions:

    • Gastric ontogeny is a genetically programmed process, with full expression dependent on hormonal, luminal, and environmental factors.
    • While hormones, diet, and weaning influence gastric development, they are not essential, as changes occur even in their absence, albeit potentially delayed or reduced.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the roles of cell cycle dynamics, thyroid hormone, EGF, and to develop methods for studying gastric stem cells and mucosal cell biology.