Incommensurate charge super-modulation and hidden dipole order in layered kitaev material α-RuCl₃

The magnetism of Kitaev materials has been widely studied, but their charge properties and the coupling to other degrees of freedom are less known. Here we investigate the charge states of α-RuCl₃, a promising Kitaev quantum spin liquid candidate, in proximity to graphite. We discover that few-layered α-RuCl₃ experiences a clear modulation of charge states, where a Mott-insulator to weak charge-transfer-insulator transition in the 2D limit occurs by means of heterointerfacial polarization. More notably, distinct signals of incommensurate charge and lattice super-modulations, regarded as an unconventional charge order, accompanied in the insulator. Our theoretical calculations have reproduced the incommensurate charge order by taking into account the antiferroelectricity of α-RuCl₃ that is driven by dipole order in the internal electric fields. The findings imply that there is strong coupling between the charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom in layered α-RuCl₃ in the heterostructure, which offers an opportunity to electrically access and tune its magnetic interactions inside the Kitaev compounds.