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Murine Flexor Tendon Injury and Repair Surgery
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Innovating Flexor Tendon Repair Training with a Three-dimensional Printed Model.

Michael K Boyajian1, Amelia L Davidson1, Will Molair1

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A new 3D surgical simulator for flexor tendon repair improves resident surgical technique and confidence. This realistic training tool can enhance hand surgery education and is printable for widespread use.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Surgical Education
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Flexor tendon repair is a complex surgical procedure requiring high skill for optimal patient outcomes.
  • Junior surgical residents face a significant learning curve in mastering flexor tendon repair techniques.
  • Surgical simulation offers a potential method to mitigate the challenges in training for this procedure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel 3D surgical simulator for flexor tendon repair training.
  • To assess the validity and effectiveness of the simulator through objective and subjective measures.
  • To determine the impact of the simulator on resident surgical skill and confidence.

Main Methods:

  • A 3D surgical training device and instructional video were created for flexor tendon repair simulation.
  • Workshops were conducted for junior orthopedic and plastic surgery residents (n=11).
  • Participants performed cadaveric flexor tendon repairs pre- and post-workshop, with anonymous recordings graded by certified hand surgeons; repair strength was measured using a tensometer.

Main Results:

  • The simulator received high ratings for realism (4.6/5), educational utility (4.9/5), and overall usefulness (4.9/5).
  • Post-training, residents reported increased confidence (73% "moderately" or "extremely" confident).
  • Objective assessment showed significant improvement in overall quality and time of repair (P=0.0002), while repair strength remained unchanged (P=0.87).

Conclusions:

  • The 3D surgical simulator for flexor tendon repair is a realistic and effective training tool.
  • The simulator demonstrably improves surgical technique and resident confidence in performing flexor tendon repairs.
  • This printable 3D model has the potential to be a valuable addition to hand surgery training curricula.