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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
227
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

134
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Host Risk Factors for Tuberculosis.

Vahid Asgharzadeh1, Seyyed Amin Seyyed Rezaei2, Mohammad Asgharzadeh3

  • 1Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Infectious Disorders Drug Targets
|September 4, 2024
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Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) risk factors, including host, bacterial, and environmental elements, influence susceptibility. Identifying high-risk individuals and treating infections promptly can reduce TB mortality and aid disease control.

Keywords:
Tuberculosisanemiadendritic cells.diabetesepigenetic modificationmalnutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), spreading via respiratory droplets.
  • Individual susceptibility to TB varies significantly due to a complex interplay of risk factors.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for effective TB prevention and control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize the diverse risk factors associated with Tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms through which these risk factors contribute to TB pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying at-risk populations for targeted interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify and classify TB risk factors.
  • Risk factors were categorized into bacterial, environmental, and host-related groups.
  • Mechanisms linking risk factors to TB progression were analyzed based on existing research.

Main Results:

  • Host factors emerge as particularly significant, including aging, male gender, genetic predispositions, epigenetic modifications, compromised immunity, diabetes, malignancy, malnutrition, anemia, and pregnancy.
  • These factors contribute to TB by promoting inflammation, increasing Mtb activity, disrupting immune responses, and facilitating reactivation of Latent TB Infection (LTBI).
  • Specific mechanisms involve altered gene expression, impaired cellular immunity, and shifts in T cell populations.

Conclusions:

  • Host-related factors significantly modulate an individual's susceptibility to Tuberculosis.
  • Early identification of infection sources and high-risk individuals is paramount.
  • Timely treatment of TB patients is essential for reducing mortality and controlling disease transmission.