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Humans tend to overtrust artificial intelligence (AI) in critical life-or-death decisions. Even unreliable AI recommendations significantly impaired human judgment and performance in threat identification tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Artificial Intelligence Ethics
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Trust in artificial agents is crucial for human-AI collaboration.
  • Understanding factors influencing trust in AI decision-making is vital, especially in high-stakes scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate determinants of trust in artificial agents' recommendations for kill decisions under uncertainty.
  • To examine the impact of agent embodiment and anthropomorphism on trust and decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • A novel visual challenge paradigm simulating threat identification (enemy combatants vs. civilians).
  • Comparison of trust in embodied vs. screen-mediated anthropomorphic robots.
  • Manipulation of virtual robot anthropomorphism levels.

Main Results:

  • No significant effect of embodiment on trust was observed.
  • Increased anthropomorphism of virtual agents led to modestly greater trust.
  • Participants frequently reversed threat identifications and kill decisions when AI disagreed, degrading performance.
  • Subjective confidence tracked AI agreement, moderated by perceived agent intelligence.

Conclusions:

  • Humans exhibit a strong propensity to overtrust unreliable AI in life-or-death decisions under uncertainty.
  • Perceived intelligence of AI agents influences trust and decision-reversal patterns.
  • AI recommendations, even when incorrect, can substantially impair human judgment in critical situations.