Transition to Adulthood for Individuals With Complex Communication Needs: A Scoping Review

Area of Science:

• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Speech and Language Pathology
• Special Education

Background:

• Youth with complex communication needs (CCN) and/or using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) face significant challenges during the transition to adulthood.
• Successful transition encompasses education, employment, leisure, and social relationships, crucial for independent living.
• Existing literature lacks a consolidated overview of barriers and facilitators impacting this transition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and synthesize the evidence on barriers and facilitators for youth with CCN/AAC during their transition to adulthood.
• To identify key factors influencing successful transitions into various life domains.
• To inform the development of targeted interventions and support systems.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive scoping review was conducted across eight databases.
• Keywords included 'complex communication needs,' 'augmentative and alternative communication,' 'transition programs,' and 'adulthood.'
• Included studies focused on participants aged 14-35 and interventions related to occupational transitions, with 23 articles meeting the criteria.

Main Results:

• Studies predominantly focused on employment (18), socializing/relationships (13), and postsecondary education (10).
• Enabling factors identified were supportive organizations, tailored transition programs, and robust social networks.
• Significant barriers included low societal expectations, insufficient programs/supports, and limited literacy skills.

Conclusions:

• Transition programs and social networks are vital facilitators for youth with CCN/AAC.
• Addressing low expectations and enhancing program availability and literacy support are critical.
• Future research should provide detailed program/participant descriptions and investigate long-term outcomes.