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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Alterations in functional brain connectivity associated with developmental dyscalculia.

Roger Mateu-Estivill^1,2, Ana Adan^1,2, Sergi Grau³

¹Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Neuroimaging : Official Journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging

|September 6, 2024

Summary

Children with developmental dyscalculia (DD) show altered resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) between temporal poles and brain networks. This highlights the importance of these neural networks for arithmetic development.

Keywords:

DMN SMN developmental dyscalculia early childhood fc‐MVPA mathematical difficulties rs‐FMRI

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Cognitive Science

Background:

Resting neural networks are increasingly studied in neurological and mental disorders.
Previous research suggests alterations in the default mode network (DMN) in dyscalculia.
Studies on resting-state networks in developmental dyscalculia (DD) are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine differences in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in children with DD.
To utilize functional connectivity multivariate pattern analysis (fc-MVPA) to analyze the entire brain connectome.
To investigate the role of resting-state networks in the development of numerical skills.

Main Methods:

Performed fc-MVPA on resting-state fMRI data.
Sample included 19 children with DD (mean age 8.06 years) and 23 typically developing controls (mean age 7.76 years).
Age and sex were matched between groups.

Main Results:

Significant differences in connectivity profiles were found between groups.
Differences were localized to clusters in the medial temporal gyrus (right and left).
Children with DD exhibited decreased rs-FC between temporal poles and the DMN, and increased rs-FC between temporal poles and the sensorimotor network.

Conclusions:

Aberrant information flow between resting-state networks observed in children with DD.
Findings underscore the significance of these neural networks for arithmetic development.
Suggests potential targets for interventions in developmental dyscalculia.