Raman Spectroscopy: Overview
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview
You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Ratiometric Imaging of Extracellular pH in Dental Biofilms
Published on: March 9, 2016
Michael Naylor Hudgins1,2,3, Todd K Knobbe1, Julia Hubbard1
1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Jonsson Rowland Science Center, Troy, New York, USA.
This study introduces a new method using confocal Raman spectroscopy to precisely measure carbonate and bicarbonate ion concentrations and pH within fluid inclusions in calcite. This technique allows for detailed reconstruction of ancient geochemical conditions and paleoenvironments.
Area of Science:
Background:
Purpose of the Study:
Main Methods:
Main Results:
Conclusions: