3D virtual models and augmented reality for radical prostatectomy: a narrative review

Area of Science:

• Urological Oncology
• Surgical Technology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Three-dimensional (3D) virtual models (3DVMs) offer accurate anatomical replication, enhancing surgical planning and outcomes in urology.
• The application of 3D reconstruction and augmented reality (AR) is increasingly explored in uro-oncologic procedures like nephron-sparing surgery and prostate cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a narrative review on the current applications and advancements of 3D reconstructions and AR in radical prostatectomy (RP).
• To assess the impact of these technologies on surgical strategy, planning, and patient outcomes in RP.

Main Methods:

• A non-systematic literature review was performed using major databases (Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase).
• Search included clinical trials, RCTs, reviews, and prospective/retrospective studies related to 3DVMs and AR in RP, adhering to PICOS criteria.
• Literature search was conducted in January 2024.

Main Results:

• 3D visualization is widely adopted for preoperative planning and intraoperative consultations in RP.
• 16 studies highlight the benefits of 3D reconstructions and AR in RP, improving preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and real-time decision-making.
• These technologies facilitate better visualization of complex anatomy, aiding nerve sparing and potentially reducing positive surgical margins.

Conclusions:

• Integration of 3DVMs and AR in radical prostatectomy shows significant promise for urological oncology.
• These tools enhance preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and decision-making, positively impacting nerve sparing and margin status.
• Challenges remain, including small patient cohorts, lack of standardization, cost, and technology adoption barriers.