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Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

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Published on: July 22, 2022

Cutaneous Electrohydraulic (CUTE) Wearable Devices for Pleasant Broad-Bandwidth Haptic Cues.

Natalia Sanchez-Tamayo^1,2, Zachary Yoder², Philipp Rothemund^2,3

¹Haptic Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|September 6, 2024

Summary

New wearable haptic devices called Cutaneous Electrohydraulic (CUTE) devices offer rich tactile sensations. These compact devices provide broad-bandwidth haptic cues, enhancing the user

Keywords:

HASEL actuators contact feedback haptic feedback soft robotics wearable devices

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Area of Science:

Human-Computer Interaction
Wearable Technology
Haptics and Tactile Feedback

Background:

Current wearable haptic devices primarily use vibrations, failing to leverage the full perceptual range of human skin.
Existing devices offering richer haptic feedback (e.g., contact, pressure) are often bulky and heavy due to actuator limitations and the low sensitivity of hairy skin.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a system architecture for compact wearable devices capable of delivering salient and pleasant broad-bandwidth haptic cues.
To present Cutaneous Electrohydraulic (CUTE) devices that combine novel material design for soft actuators with a comfortable, non-contact mounting strategy.

Main Methods:

Developed custom soft haptic electrohydraulic actuators with high stroke, high force, and electrical safety.
Designed a comfortable mounting strategy for wearable devices, positioning actuators in a non-contact resting state.
Created a prototypical wrist-wearable CUTE device for testing.

Main Results:

The CUTE device demonstrated a significant actuation stroke (2.44 mm), applied high controllable forces (>2.3 N), and delivered vibrations across a wide frequency range (0-200 Hz).
A perceptual study with 14 participants achieved 97.9% recognition accuracy for six distinct haptic cues.
Participants found the haptic sensations to be pleasant and expressive.

Conclusions:

The proposed system architecture enables unprecedented control over haptic cues delivered to the skin.
CUTE devices offer an elegant, discreet, and effective method for activating the human sense of touch in wearable applications.