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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

206
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Convergent Evolution

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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Focal Coordination and Language in Human Evolution.

Roger Myerson1

  • 1University of Chicago, Harris School of Public Policy, Chicago, IL, USA. rmyerson@uchicago.edu.

Human Nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)
|September 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Game-theoretic models reveal how human nature evolved through communication and complex social norms. These models explain how cooperation and cultural transmission of claiming rights foster prosocial behavior and reduce conflict in evolving societies.

Keywords:
Claiming rightsContentious complianceFocal-point effectMultiple equilibriaRival-claimants games

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Game Theory
  • Human Evolution
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Rival-claimants games model resource competition where asymmetric claiming rights avoid conflict.
  • Unlike social-dilemma games, these models feature multiple equilibria, highlighting communication's role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Analyze fundamentals of human nature using game-theoretic models of evolution.
  • Investigate the role of communication and complex norms in human evolution.
  • Examine the development and persistence of cultural norms for claiming rights.

Main Methods:

  • Game-theoretic modeling
  • Analysis of evolutionary dynamics
  • Comparative study of social structures

Main Results:

  • Rival-claimants games provide a rational basis for communication and language evolution.
  • Intelligence and language enable complex norms for rank and ownership, surpassing dominance hierarchies.
  • Cultural norms for claiming rights, favored by inter-community competition, promote prosocial behavior and reduce conflict.

Conclusions:

  • Shared cultural principles reduce conflict in interactions with strangers.
  • Prosocial behavior and cultural transmission are key to successful social structures.
  • Game-theoretic models offer insights into the evolution of human cooperation and social complexity.