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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Quantum Information
  • Relativity

Background:

  • Reconciling quantum mechanics and general relativity is a major challenge in physics.
  • Causality is a fundamental concept that differs between quantum and relativistic theories.
  • Bell's no-go theorem established limits on classical processes due to relativistic causality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate fundamental limits on quantum processes within classical relativistic spacetimes.
  • To explore the implications of indefinite causal order (ICO) for quantum causality.
  • To reconcile quantum and relativistic notions of causality, particularly for quantum switch experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of no-go theorems for quantum experiments in classical background spacetimes.
  • Analysis of general quantum processes, including those with indefinite causal order (ICO).
  • Examination of spacetime localization requirements for ICO processes respecting relativistic causality.

Main Results:

  • No-go theorems demonstrate fundamental limits on quantum processes in classical spacetimes.
  • Realizing ICO processes without violating relativistic causality necessitates non-localization of quantum systems.
  • Any such ICO realization can be described by a more fundamental, definite, and acyclic causal order process.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a framework for reconciling quantum and relativistic causality.
  • No-go results offer insights into the behavior of causality and information processing in quantum relativistic regimes.
  • Findings are applicable to experimental realizations of quantum switch and other ICO processes.